[62] The attack was halted by intense artillery fire from the defenders. Having been driven east by Axis forces in 1942, the British had established a strong defensive line at El Alamein, Egypt. The Second Battle of El Alamein, compared to previous desert battles, was conducted under unusual circumstances. [103] Like the previous attacks, it was hurriedly and therefore poorly planned. The all-star-cast formed by known European actors give decent interpretations . [102][106] Rommel launched an immediate counter-attack and the German armoured battlegroups overran the two forward battalions of 69th Brigade. It was broad daylight by the time they circled round the back of Deir el Abyad where they found the feature to the east of it occupied by 18th Indian Infantry Brigade which, after a hasty journey from Iraq, had occupied the exposed position just west of Ruweisat Ridge and east of Deir el Abyad at Deir el Shein late on 28 June to create one of Norrie's additional defensive boxes. Auchinleck—although believing he could stop Rommel at Alamein—felt he could not ignore the possibility that he might once more be outmanoeuvred or outfought. Variation exists due to sources and classifications. The Australian 9th Division, led by Lieutenant General Leslie Morshead, … 1220. The First Battle of El Alamein was a battle in the Second World War. Brooke and Auchinleck had both thought Montgomery a better candidate than Gott but Churchill had favoured his appointment. [12] As the 21st Panzer moved on Minqar Qaim, the 2nd New Zealand Division found itself surrounded but broke out on the night of 27/28 June without serious losses and withdrew east. Australian Division attacked along the coastal road , drawing the Axis forces toward them . An Italian division was to attack the Alamein box from the west and another was to follow the 90th Light Division. He reported to the German High Command that his three German divisions numbered just 1,200–1,500 men each and resupply was proving highly problematic because of enemy interference from the air. Axis positions near El Alamein, only 66 mi (106 km) from Alexandria, were dangerously close to the ports and cities of Egypt, the base facilities of the Commonwealth forces and the Suez Canal. [68] Possibly the most important feature of the battle, however, was that the Australians had captured Signals Intercept Company 621, which had provided Rommel with priceless intelligence from British radio communications. Strenuous preparations to dig in anti-tank guns were made, artillery fire plans organised and a regiment from the 22nd Armoured Brigade was sent to reinforce the 2nd Armoured Brigade. The 69th Infantry Brigade would pass through the minefield gap created by the South Africans to Deir el Dhib and clear and mark gaps in further minefields. The late change of orders resulted in some confusion in the forward formations (X Corps and XIII Corps) between the desire to inflict damage on the enemy and the intention not to get trapped in the Matruh position but retreat in good order. Some 10 mi (16 km) to the south lay the Ruweisat Ridge, a low stony prominence that gave excellent observation for many miles over the surrounding desert; 20 mi (32 km) to the south was the Qattara Depression. 50MIN. [58][59][60], On 12 July, the 21st Panzer Division launched a counter-attack against Trig 33 and Point 24, which was beaten off after a 2½-hour fight, with more than 600 German dead and wounded left strewn in front of the Australian positions. Since General Ritchie had virtually no armoured units left fit to fight, the infantry positions would be defeated in detail. In the early hours of 17 July, the Australian 24th Brigade—supported by 44th Royal Tank Regiment (RTR) and strong fighter cover from the air—assaulted Miteirya ridge[75] (known as "Ruin ridge" to the Australians). The British defence of Ruweisat Ridge relied on an improvised formation called "Robcol", comprising a regiment each of field artillery and light anti-aircraft artillery and a company of infantry. [96][99][100], Once more, the Eighth Army had failed to destroy Rommel's forces, despite its overwhelming superiority in men and equipment. By the end of the day's fighting, the Afrika Korps had 37 tanks left out of its initial complement of 55. The Australian 9th Division, led by Lieutenant General Leslie Morshead, played a key role in two of these battles, enhancing its reputation earned defending Tobruk during 1941. The battle took place from July 1 to July 27 1942. Heavy fire from the Italian Brescia Motorised Division at El Mreir, however, 5 mi (8.0 km) north of the Qattara box, checked their progress and led XIII Corps to call off its attack. Search for "The Battle of El Alamein" on Amazon.com, Title: [18], The British position in Egypt was desperate, the rout from Mersa Matruh had created a panic in the British headquarters at Cairo, something later called "the Flap". [23] Although captured supplies proved useful, water and ammunition were constantly in short supply, while a shortage of transport impeded the distribution of the supplies that the Axis forces did have.[24]. In fact the actual number on 26 June was 104 compared with 155 tanks in Eighth Army. [7] Inland from X Corps would be XIII Corps with 5th Indian Infantry Division (with only one infantry brigade, 29th Indian, and two artillery regiments) around Sidi Hamza about 20 mi (32 km) inland, and the newly arrived 2nd New Zealand Division (short one brigade, the 6th, which had been left out of combat in case the division was captured and it would be needed to serve as the nucleus of a new division) at Minqar Qaim (on the escarpment 30 mi (48 km) inland) and 1st Armored Division in the open desert to the south. Italian and German scouts race towards Alexandria. Following its defeat at the Battle of Gazala in Eastern Libya in June 1942, the British Eighth Army had retreated east from the Gazala line into northwestern Egypt as far as Mersa Matruh, roughly 100 mi (160 km) inside the border. At daybreak on 22 July, Nehring's 5th and 8th Panzer Regiments responded with a rapid counter-attack which quickly overran the New Zealand infantry in the open, inflicting more than 900 casualties on the New Zealanders. For three years, Axis and Allied forces chased each other over the hostile terrain of the North African desert. Each is determined to outwit and outfight the other in a bloody battle … The result was that the infantry and armour advanced independently and having reached the objective 50th RTR lost 23 tanks because they lacked infantry support. At 06:00 on 22 July, Australian 26th Brigade attacked Tel el Eisa and Australian 24th Brigade attacked Tel el Makh Khad toward Miteirya (Ruin Ridge). On the other hand, for Rommel the situation continued to be grave as, despite successful defensive operations, his infantry had suffered heavy losses and he reported that "the situation is critical in the extreme". Both Montgomery and Rommel proved to be the best commanders for Germany, and Great Britain consecutively. The Battle of Okinawa gave the allies airfields not far from the Japanese mainland. An unknown number of tanks were also in repair workshops behind the front. At the same time, the fresh Indian 161st Infantry Brigade reinforced the depleted Indian 5th Infantry Division. [46], Following a bombardment which started at 03:30 on 10 July, the Australian 26th Brigade launched an attack against the ridge north of Tel el Eisa station along the coast (Trig 33). [73], The attack commenced at 23:00 on 14 July. A small column of armour, motorised infantry, and guns then set off to raid Deir el Abyad and caused a battalion of Italian infantry to surrender. El Alamein, battle of, 1942. He believed that because Rommel understood that with the passage of time the Allied situation would only improve, he was compelled to attack as soon as possible and before the end of August when he would have superiority in armour. He concluded that his inferiority in armour after the Gazala defeat, meant he would be unable to prevent Rommel either breaking through his centre or enveloping his open left flank to the south in the same way he had at Gazala. A New York City architect becomes a one-man vigilante squad after his wife is murdered by street punks in which he randomly goes out and kills would-be muggers on the mean streets after dark. The entire film was shot from the perspective … [35] On 3 July, the RAF flew 780 sorties. Karl joins the ... See full summary », June 1942 El Alamein: Rommel swept towards the River Nile. Written by [75], Seeing the Brescia and Pavia under pressure, Rommel rushed German troops to Ruweisat. Rommel had driven them forward ruthlessly, being confident that, provided he struck quickly before Eighth Army had time to settle, his momentum would take him through the Alamein position and he could then advance to the Nile with little further opposition. [15] Axis forces captured more than 6,000 prisoners, in addition to 40 tanks and an enormous quantity of supplies. Alexandria Missions - 2-1 11 Objective : We’ve received orders to camp at Alexandria Port and patrol the area. Supplies remained a problem because the Axis staff had originally expected a pause of six weeks after the capture of Tobruk. The protagonists are two brothers , a tough lieutenant (Frederick Stafford) and a sergeant (Enrico Maria Salerno) fighting the British military . The Battle of El Alamein. There were also some Jewish soldiers from Palestine who were involved, but they weren’t the significant deciding force there. The Allied Desert Air Force (DAF) was concentrating fiercely on his fragile and elongated supply routes while British mobile columns moving west and striking from the south were causing havoc in the Axis rear echelons. [74] More significantly, communications with the two British armoured brigades failed, and the British armour did not move forwards to protect the infantry. [102][107] Meanwhile, 50th RTR supporting the Australians was having difficulty locating the minefield gaps made by Australian 2/24th Battalion. "[72], The intention was for the 4th New Zealand Brigade and 5th New Zealand Brigade (on 4th Brigade's right) to attack north-west to seize the western part of the ridge and on their right the Indian 5th Infantry Brigade to capture the eastern part of the ridge in a night attack. Second Battle of El Alamein (23rd October 1942 – 11th November 1942) After Alam el Halfa, Rommel’s army had little option other than to dig in and waited for the Eighth Army to attack. The opening prologue states : June 1942, as general Erwin Rommel swept toward the Nile , the fall of Egypt and the capture of the Suez canal seems inevitable . [28], At about 10:00 on 1 July, 21st Panzer Division attacked Deir el Shein. At 9.40pm on Friday 23 October 1942, the Battle of El Alamein began with a four-hour ground and air bombardment launched by Britain and its allies. The battle would result in a tactical stalemate but strategic Allied victory in that it halted the final a… World war two drama about the 1942 North Africa battle at El Alamein between the Allies and the Axis forces. [8] The 1st Armored Division had taken over 4th and 22nd Armoured Brigades from 7th Armoured Division which by this time had only three tank regiments (battalions) between them.[9]. However, … [47][48][49][50] The Australian attack took more than 1,500 prisoners, routed an Italian Division and overran the German Signals Intercept Company 621. [25] Rommel had planned to attack on 30 June but supply and transport difficulties had resulted in a day's delay, vital to the defending forces reorganising on the Alamein line. From Wings to Parasite, here's a look back at all of the Best Picture Oscar winners in the history of the ceremony. A sandstorm blew up which gave his tanks much needed cover from marauding British fighters. But it also shows how 'Alamein culture' saturated the post-war world, when archival sources mingled with film, novels, magazines, popular histories, and the rest of Alamein… [46][56] By early afternoon, the feature was captured and was then held against a series of Axis counter-attacks throughout the day. There were actually two battles of el Alamein near el Alaemein, Egypt in World War II. The Eighth Army was exhausted, and on 31 July Auchinleck ordered an end to offensive operations and the strengthening of the defences to meet a major counter-offensive. The next campaign is the Battle of Kursk. Use the HTML below. The now enlarged Robcol became "Walgroup". Read 2 reviews from the world's largest community for readers. [60][61] The next day, 21. Get a sneak peek of the new version of this page. By 4 July, the Australian 9th Division had entered the line in the north, and on 9 July the Indian 5th Infantry Brigade also returned, taking over the Ruweisat position. The First Battle of El Alamein (1–27 July 1942) was a battle of the Western Desert Campaign of the Second World War, fought in Egypt between Axis forces (Germany and Italy), and Allied (British … [5][h], Italian anti-aircraft battery at Marsa Matrouh in June of 1942, Second Battle of Ruweisat Ridge (El Mreir). The Battle of El Alamein ended on 11 November 1942. With the help of the armour and artillery, the Indians were able to take their objectives by early afternoon. Cinecittà Studios, Cinecittà, Rome, Lazio, Italy. Certificate: Passed Only then did they discover that the withdrawal order had been given. [76], Early on 16 July, Nehring renewed his attack. 4th New Zealand Brigade were still short of support weapons and also, by this time, ammunition. [39] The day ended once again with the Afrika Korps and Ariete coming off second best to the superior numbers of the British 22nd Armoured and 4th Armoured Brigades,[e] frustrating Rommel's attempts to resume his advance. [110], The battle was a stalemate, but it had halted the Axis advance on Alexandria (and then Cairo and ultimately the Suez Canal). At daybreak on 22 July, the British armoured brigades again failed to advance. In the darkness, there was considerable confusion as they came across enemy units laagered for the night. The tide turned in the Allies' favour at the Second Battle of El Alamein in 1942. It cost the Allies 13,560 dead and wounded while 300-500 tanks destroyed. [6], To defend the Matruh line, Ritchie placed 10th Indian Infantry Division (in Matruh itself) and 50th (Northumbrian) Infantry Division (some 15 mi (24 km) down the coast at Gerawla) under X Corps HQ, newly arrived from Syria. [32] Robcol was able to buy time, and by late afternoon the two British armoured brigades joined the battle with 4th Armoured Brigade engaging 15th Panzer and 22nd Armoured Brigade 21st Panzer respectively. Rommel ordered 90th Light to resume its advance, requiring it to cut the coast road behind 50th Division by the evening. The plan was to break the enemy line south of Miteirya ridge and exploit north-west. (1969). [96] It was during this fighting that Arthur Stanley Gurney performed the actions for which he was posthumously awarded the Victoria Cross. By 15:00, the 3rd Reconnaissance Regiment and part of 21st Panzer Division from the north and 33rd Reconnaissance Regiment and the Baade Group comprising elements from 15th Panzer Division from the south were in place under Lieutenant-General (General der Panzertruppe) Walther Nehring. [74], While the 2nd New Zealand Division attacked the western slopes of Ruweisat Ridge, the Indian 5th Brigade made small gains on Ruweisat ridge to the east. In attempting this, Rommel was losing tanks fast. Check out our editors' picks for the movies and shows we're excited about this month, like Mortal Kombat, "Them," and Stowaway. This was one of the worst war films I have ever viewed. At daylight, two British armoured brigades—2nd Armoured Brigade and the fresh 23rd Armoured Brigade—would sweep through the gap created by the infantry. [20], The scattering of X Corps at Mersa Matruh disrupted Auchinleck's plan for occupying the Alamein defences. Arms EXP X16000: Ammunition X10: The 69th Brigade suffered 600 casualties and the Australians 400 for no gain.[102]. Italian X Corps, meanwhile were to hold El Mreir. At 21:00 on 28 June, X Corps—organised into brigade groups—headed south. His policy was to "...hit the Italians wherever possible in view of their low morale and because the Germans cannot hold extended fronts without them. Early on 27 June, resuming its advance, the 90th Light was checked by British 50th Division's artillery. The Battle of El Alamein is among the most significant battles of the twentieth century and involves two of the finest tacticians of World War II; understanding its logistics and strategy is of paramount importance for the student of military history. [104] The Australian 24th Brigade managed to take their objectives on Miteirya Ridge by 02:00[g] of 27 July. [14] X Corps, having made an unsuccessful attempt to secure a position on the escarpment, were out of touch with Eighth Army from 19:30 until 04:30 the next morning. In 1854, during the Crimean War, poor planning leads to the British Light Brigade openly charging a Russian artillery position with tragic consequences. However, the supporting anti-tank units became lost in the darkness or delayed by minefields, leaving the attackers isolated and exposed when daylight came. Panzer Army Africa Battle Report dated 29 June 1942 K.T.B. Late on 26 June, the German 90th Light and 21st Panzer Divisions managed to find their way through the minefields in the centre of the front. The 90th Light Division was then to veer north to cut the coastal road and trap the defenders of the Alamein box (which Rommel thought was occupied by the remains of the 50th Infantry Division) and the Afrika Korps would veer right to attack the rear of XIII Corps. [57] During the day, more than 1,000 Italian prisoners were taken. “The fate of the Jews in Palestine was decided at El Alamein. Johnston.M and Stanley.P, pp.102–106; Bates.P, p.219. [38], At this point, Rommel decided his exhausted forces could make no further headway without resting and regrouping. Both come of age at the start of Hitler's power in Germany. The duties of comradeship, for me particularly as their Commander-in-Chief, compel me to state unequivocally that the defeats which the Italian formations suffered at Alamein in early July were not the fault of the Italian soldier. [5][67] In his appreciation of 27 July, Auchinleck wrote that the Eighth Army would not be ready to attack again until mid-September at the earliest. There are no approved quotes yet for this movie. The initial night attack went well, with 736 prisoners taken, mostly from the Italian Trento and Trieste motorised divisions. At dusk, Nehring broke off the action. Neither side can be said to have won , but the British had the strategic advantage of short supply lines and so could reinforce faster than Germans . [69][70], As the Axis forces dug in, Auchinleck—having drawn a number of German units to the coastal sector during the Tel el Eisa fighting—developed a plan—codenamed Operation Bacon—to attack the Italian Pavia and Brescia Divisions in the centre of the front at the Ruweisat ridge. Rommel's plan was for the 90th Light Division and the 15th and 21st Panzer divisions of the Afrika Korps to penetrate the Eighth Army lines between the Alamein box and Deir el Abyad (which he believed was defended). [95] However, XIII Corps commander—Lieutenant-General William Gott—rejected this and ordered the attack but on a centre line 1 mi (1.6 km) south of the original plan which he incorrectly believed was mine-free. By this stage the Afrika Korps had only 26 operational tanks. His … Three major battles occurred around El Alamein between July and November 1942, and were the turning point of the war in North Africa. There followed a period during which reports from the battlefront regarding the minefield gaps were confused and conflicting. [25][27] The 15th and 21st Panzer Divisions of the Afrika Korps were delayed by a sandstorm and then a heavy air attack. Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? If he could seize that city, then he would have been in a position to challenge the British and their control of the Suez Canal. [110][111] For example, while Rommel was a very good tactical commander, the Italian and German High Commands were concerned that he lacked operational awareness and a sense of strategic objectives. In addition 902 tanks were in repair workshops behind the front, of which 34 were serviceable and many unrepairable. [95] The 23rd Armoured Brigade was destroyed, with the loss of 40 tanks destroyed and 47 badly damaged. On what came to be referred to as "Ash Wednesday", at British headquarters, rear echelon units and the British Embassy, papers were hurriedly burned in anticipation of the fall of the city. It was fought between the Allied forces, and Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy. The British Army in Egypt recognised this before the war and had the Eighth Army begin construction of several "boxes" (localities with dug-outs and surrounded by minefields and barbed wire) the most developed being around the railway station at Alamein. [42] Rommel could afford these losses even less since shipments from Italy had been substantially reduced (in June, he received 5,000 short tons (4,500 t) of supplies compared with 34,000 short tons (31,000 t) in May and 400 vehicles (compared with 2,000 in May). Adventure. Two regiments became embroiled in a minefield but the third was able to join Indian 5th Infantry 5th Brigade as it renewed its attack. It displays several extras and tanks , in fact , the production wishes thanks the Italian Ministry of defense and the Italian Army general staff for their collaboration in making this film .The picture is based on the real battles , the true events were the followings : Alamein in WWII are two decisive battles in the western desert , north Egypt , in 1942 resulting in British victory over Axis forces under Field Marshal Erwin Rommel : 1- 27 July 1942 the British 8th Army under General Sir Claude Auchinleck held off the German and Italian forces . He was able to disengage and escape as the British were hampered by heavy rain and shortage fuel . [75][82][83][84] Although the Australian Official History of the 24th Brigade's 2/32nd Battalion describes the counter-attack force as "German",[85] the Australian historian Mark Johnston reports that German records indicate that it was the Trento Division that overran the Australian battalion. [13], Auchinleck had planned a second delaying position at Fuka, some 30 mi (48 km) east of Matruh, and at 21:20 he issued the orders for a withdrawal to Fuka. On the left, the initial attempt to clear the western end of Ruweisat failed but at 08:00 a renewed attack by the reserve battalion succeeded. While preparing the Alamein positions, Auchinleck fought strong delaying actions, first at Mersa Matruh on 26–27 June and then Fuka on 28 June. The Battle of El Alamein ended on 11 November 1942. [38] By the end of the day, the Ariete Division had only five tanks. On the right, the attacking battalion broke into the Deir el Shein position but was driven back in hand-to-hand fighting. [31], On 2 July, Rommel ordered the resumption of the offensive. [95], At 17:00, Gott ordered 5th Indian Infantry Division to execute a night attack to capture the western half of Ruweisat ridge and Deir el Shein. The Eighth Army had suffered over 13,000 casualties in July, including 4,000 in the 2nd New Zealand Division, 3,000 in the 5th Indian Infantry Division and 2,552 battle casualties in the 9th Australian Division but had taken 7,000 prisoners and inflicted heavy damage on Axis men and machines. The First Battle of El Alamein was fought July 1-27, 1942, during World War II (1939-1945). A crew of African American pilots in the Tuskegee training program, having faced segregation while kept mostly on the ground during World War II, are called into duty under the guidance of Col. A.J. [18] Lieutenant-General William Norrie (General officer commanding [GOC] XXX Corps) organised the position and started to construct three defended "boxes". 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