LEGARDA, BENITO, a Resident Commissioner from the Commonwealth of the Philippine Islands; born in Binondo, Manila Province, Luzon, Philippine Islands, September 27, 1853; attended Ateneo de Manila University, Manila, P.I. For more information, see Philippine Legislature, Election of Resident Commissioners to the United States, 2nd legislature, 1st sess., Document No. (Updated 4:25 p.m.) The Philippines on Saturday recorded 12,576 additional COVID-19 cases, bringing the total number of infections to 784,043. “He was a man of the highest repute,” Democratic Senator William Stone of Missouri said about Legarda, “clear-headed, intelligent, patriotic, representative, and worthy in every way of the greatest confidence.”1, Benito Legarda was born on September 27, 1853, in Binondo, Manila Province, Philippines, to Benito Legarda Sr., a Spaniard, and Cirila Tuason. A major sticking point for the insular legislature and, thus, the Resident Commissioners was how the Payne bill treated Philippine sugar and tobacco imported to the mainland. Travel from Manila to the United States in the early 1900s required long boat rides, including a stop in Hong Kong in order to catch a steamer to San Francisco. 57“New Philippine Tariff,” 16 April 1909, New York Tribune: 2. 15“Our Cosmopolitan Congress,” 26 November 1907, Washington Post: 6. By the time Philippine voters elected their first assembly under U.S. control in 1907, independence had become a potent force.12, With the formation of the new Philippine government, Legarda suddenly found himself with a new job. Like the tariff legislation the year before, the new Payne measure dealt with a number of contingencies both in the United States and in the Pacific. If he noticed one of us admiring something in a shop, he would secretly buy it and give it as a gift for the next birthday or holiday. To prepare for such a sudden loss of funding, the insular government levied direct taxes on its citizens. But there is never enough time. We show how in this period, coinciding with … He had a sense of humor and very much enjoyed a good laugh. Already, numerous tributes have appeared in the press and on social media praising his career as an economist and historian, his mentoring of rising scholars, his stature as a man of letters, and his commitment to the preservation of Philippine history. 9Stanley, A Nation in the Making: 116; Cullinane, Ilustrado Politics: 66; “Free Trade for the Philippines,” 20 January 1908, San Francisco Chronicle: 4. San Miguel's manufacturing operations have extended beyond its home … That the deal had even been mentioned was thanks in large part to Legarda’s business acumen. “Dios te conserve el apetito,” he used to say, quoting his own father: “God preserve your appetite.” To the very end, his appetite not only for sustenance but also for life remained robust. (13 May 1909): 2000. He would insist, despite my protestations, on traveling across the world to celebrate my birthday with me even long after I had stopped celebrating it myself; he was deeply disappointed not to have been able to do so for my last birthday because of the pandemic. The foundation said the publication of the book is “in recognition of Benito J. Legarda Jr.’s major contribution to the history of Hispanic Church Architecture in the Philippines” and describes it as a memorial edition, a seminal work on the country’s religious structures. Legarda, for his part, did not speak up during debate. sources of money for the Philippines’ treasury.38, During Legarda’s first few months in the House, the trade relationship between the United States and the Philippines became something of a prelude to a much larger debate about America’s export-import business.39 But in the spring of 1908, the Philippine tariff moved briefly to the fore when the Ways and Means Committee considered H.R. Sign up now! Legarda’s old friend, Governor Taft, had won election as President and was calling for an overhaul of U.S. tariffs. 65“Philippine Bill Up,” 14 May 1909, New York Tribune: 2; Congressional Record, House, 61st Cong., 1st sess. 23Blakeslee, “The Gentlemen from Manila.”. 77“French to Finance Big Philippine Bank,” 20 July 1911, New York Times: 4. On the development of opposition parties and the fall of the Federal Party in the Philippines, see Cullinane, Ilustrado Politics: 73–143. 68Congressional Record, House, 61st Cong., 1st sess. 21449. Get free earphones when you preorder upcoming vivo Y20s [G], Speed up your gaming experience with the new vivo Y20s [G], Slay this summer! the islands’ civil government that same day, Legarda again said little.76, Much of Legarda’s activity from 1910 to 1912 took place away from Capitol Hill. Cesar P. Pobre (Quezon City, PI: Philippines Historical Association, 2000): 41. 38Pedro E. Abelarde, American Tariff Policy toward The Philippines, 1898–1946 (New York: King’s Crown Press, 1947): 41–43; Millard, “Philippines Not a ‘Problem’ Nor a ‘Burden.’”. 1784-1973, 676,000 items ; 1,562 containers plus 8 oversize ; 902.5 linear feet ; 658 microfilm reels. His great-grandfather, Benito Legarda y Tuason, was involved with Emilio Aguinaldo in the early days of the short lived first Philippine Republic. "[Dr. Benito Legarda Jr.'s] great contributions to our understanding the past were anchored on his own personal history. 21449, see Abelarde, American Tariff Policy toward The Philippines: 92–95. On the same day, the Congress elected the officers namely Pedro Paterno as President; Benito Legarda as Vice-President; Gregorio Araneta and Pablo Ocampo as secretaries. See also “House on Monday to Ballot on Hide and Lumber Tariff,” 3 April 1909, Christian Science Monitor: 1. Legarda, however, pointed out that production in the Philippines had slowed in recent years and that, even if Filipino farmers increased production, they “could never catch up with America’s increased consumption.”51, Legarda concluded his lengthy remarks by turning back to the situation at home. It promised to be a huge undertaking. The bill passed that day and went to the Senate, where it was referred to the Committee on the Philippines, but it never came up for a vote.46, About a year later, in the 61st Congress (1909–1911), the Ways and Means Committee took up the issue again, only this time in the form of two separate bills. Benito J. Legarda (Aug. 6, 1926 – Aug. 26, 2020) charted Philippine history over the past century. Benito J. Legarda, After the Galleons: Foreign Trade, Economic Change and Entrepreneurship in the Nineteenth-Century Philippines. Poet Maya Angelou famously said, “I’ve learned that people will forget what you said, people will forget what you did, but people will never forget how you made them feel.” Others have highlighted with deep respect what my father achieved; I want to remember here that the impact of his great life on those closest to him lay in the moments we felt cared for because he was on our side. 7Blakeslee, “The Gentlemen from Manila”; Report of the Philippine Commission, Vol. (13 May 1909): 2002, 2005. With Benito Legarda, the economist, the writer, the intellectual giant, the friend, an era comes to an end. 48“For the Payne Bill,” 1 April 1909, Boston Daily Globe: 9; “House to Hasten Tariff Revision,” 1 April 1909, Chicago Daily Tribune: 2; “Tariff in the Philippines,” 1 April 1909, Los Angeles Times: 11. The Presidential Communications Development and Strategic Planning Office would like to thank Dr. Benito Legarda Jr. for his invaluable contribution to this project. Vicente Lucio Flores Legarda Maxicare 24/7 Teleconsult provides the safest way to do medical consultations, Maxicare provides world-class healthcare experience in Primary Care Center, Filinvest Development Corp.: Notice of Annual Stockholders' Meeting, Asian Hospital and Medical Center begins second dose of COVID-19 vaccine inoculation, Pinoy photographer's pandemic photo makes it to global exhibition in Scotland. “It was Benito Legarda’s efforts which are said to have done more than any other thing to “They emphatically desired reform,” wrote Peter W. Stanley in his history of Philippine independence, “particularly guaranteed civil liberties, decentralization of government, separation of church and state, and recognition of their position as leaders in Filipino life.”4, As a result, when the Philippines went to war with Spain in 1896, Legarda backed the independence forces and served as an adviser to General Emilio Aguinaldo. 9135.68 Despite his earlier testimony before the Ways and Means Committee, Legarda appears not to have participated in the debate on the House Floor. For more information on H.R. As the real motives of the Americans were known by the Filipinos, the tension between the two parties began. Madison WI: University of Wisconsin Center for Southeast Asian Studies, 1999. x + 401 pp. 7 (10 May 1909): 1. And for the new Progressive party, see Cullinane, Ilustrado Politics: 294–304. “It was as a brilliant scholar, charming gentleman and a financier of rare genius that Benito Legarda was known in many parts of the world,” the Manila Times eulogized. “It is an emergency hodgepodge tariff bill—a sort of cross between the good and the bad—a miserable compromise,” grumbled Democrat William Sulzer of New York.45 Ways and Means Chairman Sereno Payne of New York, ever paternalistic, countered that he believed the bill would teach the Philippines a lesson in economics. In an attempt to balance the interests of both the Philippine commission, which had a notable American influence, and the assembly, which had a large nationalist contingent, the two legislative bodies agreed to elect a candidate of their own choosing who would then be quickly ratified by the opposite chamber.13 The commission, as many expected, chose Legarda on November 22, 1907; the assembly selected Pablo Ocampo, who had played a prominent part in the rebellion.14 Both seemed well regarded. “It gratifies me exceedingly by my signature to give it the effect of law,” he said. A HISTORY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES* by Olivia C. Caoili** Introduction The need to develop a country's science and technology has generally been recognized as one of the imperatives of socioeconomic progress in the contemporary world. His main ambition was to industrialize and diversify the islands’ economy so that, when independence arrived, the nation could stand on its own.24 “We do not expect to have much weight when political questions are being discussed,” he said in 1907, shortly after his election, For Taft, the changes to tariff rates governing trade with the Philippines were 10 years in the making. Newspapers across the country covered his arrival, many of which applauded his long association with U.S. rule in the Philippines, a point Legarda was happy to reaffirm when he docked in San Francisco.19 “The people are indefinitely better off under present conditions than they would be under other political management,” he said.20 Still, he quickly reminded American readers that U.S. occupation came at a steep price for the islands.21, Filipino political leaders saw the treaty to end the War of 1898 as a bad deal for their economy, and the government gave Legarda a long list of issues to address on the Hill, including the right for the Philippines to open independent trade agreements with countries that already consumed its goods, to open new trade partnerships without American oversight, to repeal tariffs that restricted a host of Philippine goods in the American market, and to repeal a trade bill giving U.S. ships sole discretion to move people and goods to and from the Philippines.22 “Our particular object,” Legarda said shortly before arriving in Washington, “will be to show Congress the great need of lowering the duty upon Philippine sugar and tobacco.”23, For Legarda, political independence for the Philippines was a worthy, but long-term, goal—a discussion for another time. western France, Legarda died suddenly. 24Millard, “The Men Who Have Come To Washington To Represent the Filipinos”; “Legarda Offends Some Assemblymen,” 28 February 1908, Cablenews-American (Manila, PI): 3; “Filipino Makes A Practical Plea for Independence,” 17 March 1912, St. Louis Post Dispatch: 10. 35“Trade With The Dependencies,” 16 March 1908, New York Tribune: 6. This was an uphill struggle waged partly in the U.N. Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). (3 April 1909): 929–930. Some headlines even listed him as coauthor: “Enthusiastic on Tariff”; “Legarda-Payne Tariff Bill Up”; “Contents of Legarda Bill”; “How Legarda Has Amended the Payne Bill”; “El bill Legarda-Payne.”44, When the measure went to the floor on May 27, the resulting debate distilled the larger tariff question. Legarda became seasick easily, and the trip across the Pacific on a smaller vessel made him nervous.17 By the time they left in late December, some Filipino businessmen feared that the Resident Commissioners would arrive in Washington too late to help craft tariff legislation, but Taft had reassured Legarda there would be plenty of time to address his concerns.18, Legarda was something of a media darling when he landed in America. 64Congressional Record, House, 61st Cong., 1st sess. 41“Legarda-Payne Tariff Bill Up”; “Contents of Legarda Bill,” 9 May 1908, Manila Times: 1; “How Legarda Has Amended the Payne Bill,” 9 May 1908, Cablenews-American (Manila, PI): 6. Never again that booming laugh, those funny interjections. He was 94 years old. Edwards at a banquet in Ohio, speaking about the Philippines’ economy and the need to remove U.S. import duties on Philippine goods.34, Legarda had additional support among the press. Despite the earlier struggle for reform, a lot had changed over the preceding months. 45Congressional Record, House, 60th Cong., 1st sess. In the afternoon, the Congress proceeded to elect its officers, namely, Pedro A. Paterno, President; Benito Legarda, Vice-President; Gregorio Araneta, First Secretary; and Pablo Ocampo, Second Secretary. With your meaningful insights, help shape the stories that can shape the country. One American banker told the Times that, because the Philippines had a virtual monopoly over essential oils used to create perfume popular in Paris, Legarda was looking to corner the market in France. this … Mr. Legarda earned a Bachelor of Science degree in Social Science from Georgetown University in 1948, going on to earn a Master of Arts in Economics from Harvard College in 1950, and a PhD in Economics from Harvard in 1955. There is no better way to respect his life and legacy. The foundation said the publication of the book is “in recognition of Benito J. Legarda Jr.’s major contribution to the history of Hispanic Church Architecture in the Philippines” and describes it as a memorial edition, a seminal work on the country’s religious structures. Following his congressional service, Legarda spent the rest of his life away from the Philippines, working alongside Europe’s moneyed interests to bolster the islands’ agricultural bank, which he called “my life work.” On August 27, 1915, while in the town of Évian-les-Bains along Lake Geneva in In 1904, when U.S. officials unveiled sweeping changes to the Philippines’ tax system, Legarda flexed his own political muscle and fought the proposal. $22.95 (paperback), ISBN: 1-881261-28-x. With taxes fueling construction, tariffs helped run the government. 78“French Bank in Philippines,” 21 July 1911, New York Times: 11. One time I showed him a video of my son’s school orchestra playing a Halloween concert for which each player came out and played in costume. 37House Committee on Ways and Means, Duties on Philippine Products Imported into the United States, 59th Cong., 1st sess., H. Rept. 578, U.S. Passport Applications, Puerto Rico and Philippines, 1913–1925, vol. Already, numerous tributes have appeared in the press and on social media praising his … After all that is you and the rest of us are today ... Benito Legarda ( 2 ) Benjamin Franklin ( 2 ) assembly shocked everyone by refusing to confirm his nomination. bring about peace between Americans and Filipinos in the days of the Empire and it was due in good part to his efforts that the American government was established here on such a firm foundation.”83 Legarda’s remains were buried in his native Manila. Including the officers, 93 people took part of the Congress representing almost the entire Philippines. Six senators on Saturday asked the Philippine Health Insurance Corp. to swiftly amend its policy on hospital tent coverage... Philippine Orthopedic Center halts some services as 117 staff contract COVID-19. In 1939, the Philippine Institute of Chemical Engineers, better known as "PIChE," was officially an association whose founders included, to name but a few, Rafael Aguilar, Angel S. Argueles, Amando Clemente, Timoteo T. Dar Juan, Felix V. Espino, Ramon T. Feliciano, Roque Garcia, Vicente Lava, Benito Legarda, Moises Lucas, and Francisco Quisumbing. Philstar.com is one of the most vibrant, opinionated, discerning communities of readers on cyberspace. He could sometimes be clueless about blurting out sensitive questions, but also sweet and concerned if someone he cared about was truly in trouble or in pain. For the last 10 years, the Philippines had assumed that the United States would open free trade, removing tariffs and costing the islands vast sums of revenue. How to measure a life, when even the longest lives we know pass so quickly? 1Congressional Record, Senate, 61st Cong., 1st sess. But businesses in the Philippines which had operated under almost exactly the same conditions needed similar protection.52, “The Filipino people believe that, coming before this Congress with a just cause, they will receive the same measure of equity as that which the American people, through their Representatives in this Congress, have always in the past conceded under similar circumstances,” Legarda said. For a general discussion on the ilustrados, see Michael Cullinane, Ilustrado Politics: Filipino Elites Respond to American Rule, 1898–1908 (Manila, PI: Ateneo de Manila University Press, 2003): 26–35. (13 May 1909): 1998; Philippine Tariff Bill: 17, 32, 47. For the rise of the Nationalist Party, see Cullinane, Ilustrado Politics: chapter 10. 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